1970 Census |
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|
1980 Census |
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|
1990 Census |
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|
TOTAL POPULATION |
715,674 |
100.0% |
|
TOTAL POPULATION |
678,974 |
100.0% |
|
TOTAL POPULATION |
723,959 |
100.0% |
| | | | | | | | | | |
RACE | | | |
RACE | | | |
RACE | | |
White |
511,186 |
71.4% |
|
White |
402,131 |
59.2% |
|
White |
388,341 |
53.6% |
Negro |
96,078 |
13.4% |
|
Black |
86,190 |
12.7% |
|
Black |
78,931 |
10.9% |
Indian |
2,900 |
0.4% |
|
American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut |
3,566 |
0.5% |
|
American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut |
3,354 |
0.5% |
|
|
|
|
Eskimo |
153 |
0.0% |
|
Eskimo |
39 |
0.0% |
|
|
|
|
Aleut |
39 |
0.0% |
|
Aleut |
118 |
0.0% |
|
|
|
|
Asian and Pacific Islander |
149,269 |
22.0% |
|
Asian or Pacific Islander |
211,000 |
29.1% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Asian |
207,901 |
28.7% |
Japanese |
11,705 |
1.6% |
|
Japanese |
12,461 |
1.8% |
|
Japanese |
11,591 |
1.6% |
Chinese |
58,696 |
8.2% |
|
Chinese |
82,244 |
12.1% |
|
Chinese |
130,753 |
18.1% |
Filipino |
24,694 |
3.5% |
|
Filipino |
38,690 |
5.7% |
|
Filipino |
40,977 |
5.7% |
|
|
|
|
Korean |
3,442 |
0.5% |
|
Korean |
6,538 |
0.9% |
|
|
|
|
Asian Indian |
2,704 |
0.4% |
|
Asian Indian |
2,891 |
0.4% |
|
|
|
|
Vietnamese |
5,078 |
0.7% |
|
Vietnamese |
8,952 |
1.2% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cambodian |
1,593 |
0.2% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hmong |
20 |
0.0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Laotian |
928 |
0.1% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thai |
592 |
0.1% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Asian |
3,066 |
0.4% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pacific Islander |
3,099 |
0.4% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Polynesian |
2,415 |
0.3% |
|
|
|
|
Hawaiian |
1,048 |
0.2% |
|
Hawaiian |
975 |
0.1% |
|
|
|
|
Samoan |
1,568 |
0.2% |
|
Samoan |
1,310 |
0.2% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Tongan |
102 |
0.0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Other Polynesian |
28 |
0.0% |
|
|
|
|
Guamanian |
302 |
0.0% |
|
Micronesian -- Guamanian |
465 |
0.1% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Micronesian -- Other |
27 |
0.0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Melanesian |
57 |
0.0% |
|
|
|
|
Other Asian and Pacific Islander |
1,732 |
0.3% |
|
Pacific Islander Not Specified |
135 |
0.0% |
All other |
10,415 |
1.5% |
|
Race, n.e.c. |
37,818 |
5.6% |
|
Other Race |
42,333 |
5.8% |
| | | | | | | | | | |
PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN OR DESCENT |
69,633 |
9.7% |
|
SPANISH ORIGIN |
84,194 |
12.4% |
|
TOTAL HISPANIC |
96,640 |
13.3% |
| | | | | | | | | | |
SEX | | | |
SEX | | | |
SEX | | |
Male |
345,680 |
48.3% |
|
Male |
337,932 |
49.8% |
|
Male |
362,170 |
50.0% |
Female |
369,994 |
51.7% |
|
Female |
341,042 |
50.2% |
|
Female |
361,789 |
50.0% |
| | | | | | | | | | |
AGE | | | |
AGE | | | |
AGE | | |
Under 5 years |
43,003 |
6.0% |
|
Under 5 years |
30,868 |
4.5% |
|
Under 5 years |
35,270 |
4.9% |
5 to 19 years |
139,136 |
19.4% |
|
5 to 19 years |
102,933 |
15.2% |
|
5 to 17 years |
81,479 |
11.3% |
20 to 64 years |
433,797 |
60.6% |
|
20 to 64 years |
441,448 |
65.0% |
|
18 to 64 years |
501,947 |
69.3% |
65 years and over |
99,738 |
13.9% |
|
65 years and over |
103,725 |
15.3% |
|
65 years and over |
105,263 |
14.5% |
Median age |
34.2 |
X | |
Median age |
35.4 |
X | |
Median age |
36.0 |
X |
| | | | | | | | | | |
HOUSEHOLDS | | | |
HOUSEHOLDS | | | |
HOUSEHOLDS | | |
Head of household |
295,174 |
100.0% |
|
Total households |
299,867 |
100.0% |
|
Households |
305,984 |
100.0% |
Families |
164,436 |
55.7% |
|
Families |
141,590 |
47.2% |
|
Total families |
143,818 |
47.0% |
With own children under 18 years |
69,670 |
23.6% |
|
With own children under 18 years |
57,288 |
19.1% |
|
With own children under 18 years |
56,831 |
18.6% |
Persons per household |
2.34 |
X |
|
Persons per household |
2.18 |
X |
|
Persons per household |
2.29 |
X |
|
|
| |
Persons per family |
3.11 |
X |
|
Persons per family |
3.21 |
X |
| | | | | | | | | | |
INCOME AND POVERTY IN 1969 | | | |
INCOME AND POVERTY IN 1979 | | | |
INCOME AND POVERTY IN 1989 | | |
Income of families and unrelated individuals |
10,503 |
X | |
Median household income |
15,866 |
X | |
Median household income |
33,414 |
X |
|
|
| |
Median family income |
20,911 |
X | |
Median family income |
40,561 |
X |
Income of persons |
4,289 |
X | |
Per capita income |
9,265 |
X | |
Per capita income |
27,093 |
X |
Less than poverty level |
|
14.0% |
|
Below poverty level |
|
13.7% |
|
Below poverty level |
|
12.4% |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
COMMUTING TO WORK | | | |
COMMUTING TO WORK | | |
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|
Mean travel time to work (minutes) |
25.9 |
X | |
Mean minutes traveled to work |
26.9 |
X |
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|
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|
Mean travel time to work for workers traveling 45 or more minutes |
54.7 |
X | |
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|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK | | | |
MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK | | |
|
|
|
|
Workers 16 years and over |
336,627 |
100.0% |
|
Workers 16 years and over |
382,309 |
100.0% |
|
|
|
|
Private vehicle |
155,752 |
46.3% |
|
Car, truck, or van |
191,112 |
50.0% |
|
|
|
|
Drive alone car |
104,961 |
31.2% |
|
Drove alone |
147,187 |
38.5% |
|
|
|
|
Drive alone truck or van |
8,763 |
2.6% |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
Carpool car |
38,435 |
11.4% |
|
Carpooled |
43,925 |
11.5% |
|
|
|
|
Carpool truck or van |
3,593 |
1.1% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Public transportation |
129,683 |
38.5% |
|
Public transportation |
128,160 |
33.5% |
|
|
|
|
Bus or streetcar |
120,642 |
35.8% |
|
Bus or trolley bus |
93,377 |
24.4% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Streetcar or trolley car |
12,210 |
3.2% |
|
|
|
|
Subway or elevated train |
7,395 |
2.2% |
|
Subway or elevated |
19,707 |
5.2% |
|
|
|
|
Railroad |
593 |
0.2% |
|
Railroad |
1,484 |
0.4% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ferryboat |
88 |
0.0% |
|
|
|
|
Taxicab |
1,053 |
0.3% |
|
Taxicab |
1,294 |
0.3% |
|
|
|
|
Motorcycle |
2,152 |
0.6% |
|
Motorcycle |
4,540 |
1.2% |
|
|
|
|
Bicycle |
1,884 |
0.6% |
|
Bicycle |
3,634 |
1.0% |
|
|
|
|
Walked only |
36,823 |
10.9% |
|
Walked |
37,611 |
9.8% |
|
|
|
|
Other means |
2,793 |
0.8% |
|
Other means |
2,773 |
0.7% |
|
|
|
|
Worked at home |
7,540 |
2.2% |
|
Working at home |
14,479 |
3.8% |
| | | | | | | | | | |
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE |
| | |
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE | | | |
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE | | |
Employed |
318,311 |
100.0% |
|
Employed |
342,484 |
100.0% |
|
Employed |
386,530 |
100.0% |
|